Dental Admissions Test (DAT) Practice Test

What is periodontal disease?

1. An infection of the tissues surrounding the teeth

2. A type of tooth decay

3. An abnormality in tooth development

4. A form of gum tissue overgrowth

The correct answer is: An infection of the tissues surrounding the teeth

Periodontal disease refers specifically to an infection or inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth, which includes the gums, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone. This condition is primarily caused by the accumulation of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth, leading to gingivitis and can progress to more severe forms of the disease, such as periodontitis if not treated. The correct answer emphasizes the infectious aspect and highlights that the disease affects not just the gums but also the supportive structures surrounding the teeth. Recognizing this allows one to understand the severity of the condition, as untreated periodontal disease can result in tooth loss and other systemic health issues, linking oral health to overall health. Other options describe different conditions: tooth decay occurs due to the destruction of tooth structure by acid-producing bacteria; abnormalities in tooth development refer to issues like hypoplasia or impaction, which involve the tooth formation process rather than the supporting structures; and gum tissue overgrowth, while it may relate to gum disease, doesn't encompass the infectious nature or broader implications of periodontal disease. Thus, the focus on infection surrounding the teeth is what makes the first option the most accurate definition of periodontal disease.